Muon Sources

Muon Production

Cosmogenic Muons

• Product of pion and kaon decays
• Mean Energy : ~ 3 GeV at sea level
• Flux at sea level : 1 μ/ cm²/ min

Accelerator Muons

• Energy : A few 100 MeV to 160 GeV

Existing and Planned Muon Facilities

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References

1. Takada, H. et al., Quantum Beam Science, 1(2), 8 (2017)
2. Yu Bao et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2462, 012034 (2023)
3. Williamson, R. et al., JACoW, HB2023, THA1I2 (2024)
4. NA64 Collaboration, Phys. Rev. Lett., 132, 211803 (2024)
5. Kiselev, D. et al., EPJ Web Conf., 285, 07002  (2023) 
6. Beveridge, J.L. et al., Hyperfine Interactions, 32, 907-912 (1986)
7. Tomono, D. et al., PoS, NuFact2017, 111 (2018) 
8. Cai, H. et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 27, 023403 (2024)
9. Xu, Y. et al, arXiv, 2502.20915 (2025)
10. Liu, F. et al., arXiv, 2503.01597 (2025)